30.

apparently normal men would put on female clothes, do women's work, and generally show feminine character and behavior (64). Its existance in classical Greece is suggested by the picture of Hercules dressed in female clothes and serving hes mistress Omphale (30). Trans- vestism was also known in ancient Rome, particularly at the time of her decline, and some of the Roman Emperors (Caligula, Heliogabalus) occasionally dressed in fe- male garments (27,96). At the beginning of modern times the most notorious transvestites were the three French- men: the brother of King Henri III; the Abbe de Choisy; and the proverbial Chevalier d'Eon (24).

In our own epoch and culture the ever growing num- ber of papers on transvestism suggests either an increase in frequency of occurrence of this sexual abberation, or a greater interest in it on the part of writers. Thus, Masson (70) in her excellent survey of transvestism (in history, literature and ethnography, covering almost a century (1838-1935), found 69 cases of transvestism des- cribed by 29 authors; in two decades (1935-1955) following her study, 76 new observations were reported by 40 writ- ers. (Our data have been based only on British, Ameri- can, French, German, Danish and Swiss literature)

((ED. Note: This only goes to show how few TVs come to the attention of M.D.s--We have nearly that many contacts with TVia. Moreover the cases reported in the literature are almost uniformly persons who have some more serious behaviour problem than TV alone and should not therefore be classed as TVs but as other types with TV interests)))

Terminology

The nomencalture of transvestism has undergone a real evolution. In 1876 Westphal (99) called this phen- omenon "contrary sexual feeling;" Drafft-Ebing named it "metamorphosis sexualis paranoica" (64); Carpenter coined the term "cross-dressing"; Ellis used in 1913 the clumsy name "sexo-esthetic inversion," which he changed to more euphonic "Eonism" in 1920; Bloch (15) called transvestism "psychical hermaphroditism; " Tennenbaum (93) used the term "sexual inversion".